Childhood CT scans and risk of radiation exposure

 According to a study published online this week by the British Medical Journal (BMJ), children and adolescents who undergo CT scans may be at greater risk of developing cancer over the following decade. Although the overall risk is small, and is outweighed by potential information gained from the appropriate use of CT scanning, it points out that CT scans expose patients to radiation and should NOT be viewed as simple, risk free or routine tests.Researchers in Australia reviewed the records of children aged 0-19 years and followed their medical histories over time.  Of the 10.9 million children followed, 680,000 had at least one CT scan-a whopping 6.2%!!  18% of this group had more than one CT scan during this period. Overall, patients who had a CT scan had a 24% increase in cancer, with brain cancer having the strongest connection. To put the numbers in perspective, it appeared one extra cancer developed for every 2000-4000 CT scans.This report adds to the research on this topic. One study from the United Kingdom had similar results, although some experts questioned the validity of the study design. In both studies there is the question of whether the reason for performing the CT was somehow related to an early, undiagnosable cancer, and the relationship between CT performance and cancer was therefore was not causal.CT scan use has skyrocketed in recent years, and concern over unnecessary radiation exposure is justified.  Not every patient with a headache, abdominal pain or a fainting spell needs the test, and patients and physicians alike need to be more sensitive to the fact that every potential scan needs to be evaluated as to its likely benefit and clinical indication.  In a manner similar to antibiotics and fever, many patients feel they have not received the best of care unless they have had a CT scan to evaluate their symptoms. Often, this is not the case. No need to overreact.  CT scans are integral to modern practice, and have revolutionized medical care. If your health care provider recommends such a test, you should ask what they are concerned about and how the scan will help them in their care for you and your health.